Alex Rawlings

doctoral researcher in theoretical extragalactic astrophysics




About Me


I am a doctoral researcher in theoretical extragalactic astrophysics at the University of Helsinki, Finland. I completed my undergraduate in physics at the University of Southern Queensland, Australia. After completing a summer internship at the University of Sydney in observational extragalactic astrophyiscs, I moved to Helsinki to study my Master's in astrophysics, where I have been since.

I work with computer simulations to model galaxy evolution, and in particular the evolution of the central supermassive black holes (SMBHs) of galaxies. We're trying to understand the dynamics of SMBHs to give predictions for how the gravitational wave emission will look to the upcoming Laser Interferometer Space Antenna (LISA). Gravitational waves are an exciting new avenue with which we can observe the Universe, and will allow us to understand SMBH evolution with unprecedented detail.

In addition to astrophysics, I have a keen interest in Bayesian statistics. The computer simulations we use generate vast quantities of data, and only with a sound understanding of statistics can we draw actionable conclusions from our data.

Outside of the academic world I enjoy cooking, albeit with mixed success. It's an iterative process, but there's something incredibly satisfying about putting together a tasty meal. I'm also an advocate of physical exercise, and enjoy regularly working out at the gym.



Featured Article: Identifying Supermassive Black Hole Recoil

When two supermassive black holes (SMBHs) coalesce during a merger of galaxies, general relativistic effects impart a ‘recoil velocity’ to the remnant SMBH, which can expel the SMBH to large, kiloparsec-scale distances. We run numerical simulations of merging massive elliptical galaxies, testing a number of recoil velocities, and use Bayesian hierarchical inference to determine how the stellar mass reacts to the recoiling SMBH. We additionally detect a kinematic signature, brought about by non angular momentum-conserving stellar orbits, which can uniquely constrain how much stellar mass was lost from the centre before the recoil velocity occurred, allowing us to infer the corresponding recoil velocity. The full details of the study can be found in the article Identifying supermassive black hole recoil in elliptical galaxies.


Featured Article: Binary Eccentricity is Stochastic

Computer simulations of galaxy mergers are affected by the discretisation of the phase space: the exact positions and velocities of particles will influence the orbital dynamics of the supermassive black holes in the system. Increasing the number of particles used to represent the galaxy merger reduces the uncertainty in the impact parameter of the two SMBHs, but this does not necessarily translate to a convergence in the SMBH eccentricity. The full details of the study can be found in the article Reviving stochasticity: uncertainty in SMBH binary eccentricity is unavoidable.


Featured Article: Spin Ellipticity Tracks

The advent of integral field unit spectroscopy allows us to combine both morphological and kinematic data of galaxies. By studying how the ellipticity and spin parameter vary with radius, different galaxy types can be revealed that would not necessarily be distinguishable with just photometry or kinematics alone. The full details of the study can be found in the article The SAMI Galaxy Survey: rules of behaviour for spin-ellipticity radial tracks in galaxies.


All Publications

I have been involved in a number of publications, both as a first and a contributing author. All refereed scientific publications I have been involved with can be found here.


Curriculum Vitae

My full curriculum vitae can be found here (last updated 03.12.2023).